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Color Dreams was founded in 1989, a few years after the Nintendo Entertainment System first became successful. The company founders were Dan Lawton, Eddie Lin, and Phil Mikkelson. �At the time they wanted my to be a partner for a percentage of the company� Jim Meuer comments, �but I opted instead to take a higher than normal royalty on the first game and remain an independent contractor.�
As for obtaining an official license to produce carts from Nintendo, Color Dreams decided against it. In a prior interview, Dan Lawton recollects the reasoning behind this decision.
�Here was Nintendo�s deal for licensing:
-Commitment to about $350,000 in cartridges
-They had to approve the games, in their own schedule
-They manufactured the games, when the felt like it (6 months as I recall)
-You pay for the cartridges at about 3 x the actual cost you could make for yourselves
-They could reject or approve your games and also refuse to allow specific games based on subject matter�
The major problem with engineering games without an official Nintendo development kit was Nintendo�s lock out chip. This chip made it impossible for an unlicensed Nintendo game to boot, unless the chip was bypassed by one way or another. Jim Meuer and Dan Lawton spent quite some time figuring out the inner-workings of the Nintendo and they eventually developed a way for the cartridges to legally bypass Nintendo�s lock out chip. �I was a hardware person that mainly worked on the development system and the enable circuit that made the games run on NES. Dan and I had worked together in the past developing hardware projects together. Dan was a machinist when I met him and he took an interest in programming. It turned out that he was a natural at it. I never saw anyone learn programming as fast as he did.� Jim once stated.
Color Dreams� first Nintendo game was titled Baby Boomer. �Dan was writing a gaming language for all of the programmers to use. I used that language to write the game, which helped him debug it. I also did the backgrounds, characters and a friend of mine, John Borchert, did the music for the game. I was also getting the bugs out of the development hardware� Jim added.
Jim also mentioned that Baby Boomer �actually started out as Baby Blaster. I liked it better because it implied more action and excitement and it was more descriptive for a light gun game. I was in my 20's back then and didn't think about all the mothers that would interpret the name as blasting babies. Anyhow the name was changed to Baby Boomer.�
A second Color Dreams game was in development around the same time as Baby Boomer, maybe slightly later. Michael Denio, Anthony Henderson, and Judye Pistole teamed up to port Mike�s PC game (Captain Comic) to the Nintendo. Judye remembers that �Occasionally Anthony would show me the art work for me to critique. He was also trying to find time to manage choosing the music and programming it. I offered to do it, having some music background. We used Classical (music) because I liked those melodies and because it was in the public domain and therefore we did not have to worry about copyright infringement.� Bunch Games would later publish another one of Anthony/Judye�s works: Castle of Deceit. Michael would move on to other projects (unrelated to Color Dreams) such as Captain Comic 2 for the PC.
A few months later, Color Dreams would display their games at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES). Jim clearly remembers, �When Dan and Eddie and myself went to the CES show in Chicago. The only games we had finished were Baby Boomer and an imported game called Captain Comic. We had a demo running on a screen and buyers from major companies came by and placed orders for hundreds of thousands of copies. We were all instant multi-millionaires. It was very exciting! That night we went to our hotel, which turned out to be a dive in the worst area of Chicago with hookers, fights, and gunshots in the hallways and out in the street. We lasted about an hour there and got back in the car and headed for the suburbs. It was fun while it lasted, but it turned out that Nintendo allegedly pressured the companies into canceling their orders by threatening not to sell them their own licensed games if they bought from us.�
The majority of the Color Dreams crew had known each other from prior job experiences. Jon Valesh recollects that "Most of the technical people knew each other. Ken Becket, Rick
Waldron, Ron Degan, Ron Risley, Mike Hunley (though only
briefly), and my father all worked together at a place Dan did a
fair amount of software consulting for. That was where Dan wrote
some terminal emulations, signature imaging stuff, etcetera. Rick
did bank teller software. Ron Degan and Ken Becket did telephone
banking software (though Ken had always been interested in
Games...I had purchased an Amiga 1000 from Ken a few years
earlier). Ron Risley did various software (mostly communications,
I think) and (as I'm sure you know) was later an author for
MacWorld (or one of the Mac magazines) as well as writing a few
popular shareware titles for the Mac. My father was a hardware
designer there. Before I forget, Al Bunch was the customer
service manager of that same company. Oh, one more; Jim Meuer did
some hardware design for them as a consultant.
Most of the technical crew were siphoned off that one company,
one way or another. Treadway came through Mike, Robert came
through the newspaper, Vance came through Robert... I don't know
where most of the others came from. Some others (Ron Degan, Rick
Waldron) did work on games but never left the old company.
That gave us all a pretty clannish view of the world. We had one
office, near Dan's house, and we had all known each other for a
while.
The Lins came through Dan and IBS. That means the warehouse,
sales department, and production where the carts were assembled.
That was a different location, and we often didn't agree with
them. Even there some of the relationships proved to be lasting.
Last time I checked, one of the original guys who had been on the
production line at IBS/Color Dreams, assembling carts, was
working at Stardot assembling cameras. For the most part,
however, we had an adversarial relationship with the folks in
Brea (Lin's crew).
Eddie in particular was constantly requesting changes to gameplay
that nobody could understand, and following the advice of a
couple of testers (the Sumos, we called them) that were
EXCELLENT game players. They could get through a brand new game
in half an hour, and once they had played it they could run
through any of ours in 10 minutes. They would say it wasn't
challenging enough, and we'd be expected to "fix" it. That led to
situations like the first level of Happy Camper, which at one
point got to where they always breezed through easily and were
saying it was too easy, where the other guys (Treadway, Dan,
Vance) thought it was broken and unpassable.
It is because of Eddie (or maybe his brother Tom) that there are
two Saddam Husseins in OSS.
Another person who had started his work for Color Dreams in 1989 was Dan Burke. Dan had previously told us that �At that time I was the Art Editor for the Saddleback College Lariat, the college newspaper. I had met someone on staff, a writer named Leo Gilreath, who had met a programmer in an arcade who happened to be affiliated with Color Dreams. It was a tenuous connection at best, but Leo thought I might like to participate in making Nintendo games. At first, I did not totally believe that the programmer was legit, but was willing to meet him and see what was going on. I figured, it is some kid making games out of his garage. Frank (Waung) turned out to be a very bright programmer and the company, Color Dreams, was a legitimate effort to put out Nintendo games, albeit, reverse engineered.
Frank and I became fast friends at Round Table Pizza over some Coke and Garlic bread, and the three of us became a team, as Leo the writer, Frank the programmer, who was then working at Unisys, and myself, the artist, who was employed at Sterling Art, a local art store.�
The game that Dan, Frank, and Leo created was Raid 2020. Originally titled Drug Czar, the object of this game was to fight the war on drugs. Does this sound familiar to the objective of Narc, a popular 80s arcade game? It should, since Raid 2020 was inspired by Narc.
The other noteworthy game released in 1989 was Crystal Mines. This game was designed and programmed by Ken Beckett. Crystal Mines neared completion around November 1989. Overall, this was probably one of Color Dreams� best-selling games.
By the time 1990 rolled around, the amount of programmers, musicians, and artists at Color Dreams had nearly doubled.
One of the first games released in 1990 was Robodemons. Dan Burke recollects �I designed this almost all by myself and had it done in under a month, but this was while I was under contract to work 7 days a week, 12 hours a day, for $555 a day!� As far as the game is concerned, Robodemons is quite sinister. The atmosphere generates a gloomy/evil feeling that chills the bones in one�s body.
Dan Burke also cranked out Challenge of the Dragon sometime during 1990. We thought that Challenge of the Dragon was extremely well done. The artwork for the game is quite nice...be sure to check out the box. This was another one of the projects left almost completely to Dan.
Although Nina Stanley had previously done some work for Color Dreams in 1989, she got a permanent job there in 1990. In an old interview, Nina told us �I started working at Color Dreams in 1989, part time as a contractor. I met the chief engineer while working at a coffee bar and he used to come in at the crack of dawn after a long night�s work and he would talk about stuff. When he found out that I was an artist he offered me a job. At first I didn�t like it as the technology was extremely primitive and I swore I�d never get involved with computers, so I quit after a couple of weeks and went back to making cappuccinos.�
Before we continue with Nina�s story, we�ll try to provide a bit of background information here. Ken Beckett�s graphics program Nindraw was in a useable state in 1990. This had occurred around the same time that Jon Valesh had programmed Pesterminator, an awful bug-squashing game, for Western Exterminator. Since Ken spent his time programming the Nindraw program, it was decided that in return Pesterminator would be designed for Ken.
�We remained friends,� Nina added, �and a few months later he had come around and said that they were expanding their operations and he had some new software that made the graphics easier to create so I gave it a try again. By this time I was going through a divorce and starting on my master�s degree in art and had a young child to support - Color Dreams paid better and had more flexible hours than the coffee bar so it seemed like a good thing to do. Plus the guys were pretty fun to work with.�
Two of the games Nina did graphics for in 1990 were King Neptune�s Adventure and Menace Beach. King Neptune�s Adventure was a joint effort between Robert Bonifacio (programmer), Nina Stanley and Roger Deforest (graphics), and John Dwyer as the musician. The game can easily be thought of as Captain Comic set underwater.
Vance Kozik programmed Menace Beach, while Nina took care of the graphics. Vance had joined Color Dreams in 1990 when �Robert Bonifacio called me at home in Texas to let me know there was an opening at the videogame company he was working at. He said I had three days to decide or I would lose out. Three days later, I was on my way to California.� According to Nina, �it (Menace Beach) was the most fun to make. The graphics were whimsical and funny. A lot of the characters I based on the guys that worked there.�
Not only was Menace Beach fun, it was also one of Color Dreams� more controversial games. Rumor has it that a gaming magazine (Game Players Strategy Guide to Nintendo Games?) had warned parents against the game since Bunny�s clothes rot away until she is wearing nothing but a bikini. Whether this is true, we cannot confirm it. If anyone has a copy of this article that they can scan, we are more than interested in seeing it.
Color Dreams� most innovative project of 1990 was their Hellraiser �Super Cartridge� project. Phil Mikkelson had purchased the rights to make a Hellraiser game based off of the popular movie series. Ron Risley was hired to design a special (more powerful) cartridge for this game. Ron told us that �My recollection is that the original NES cartridge used two ROMs, one is a character generator and one with the program code. What I did with the Super Cart was create a complete Z-80 computer with its own ROM and RAM, and then mapped a second access stream into the Z-80 RAM for the NES console.
The Z-80 could then modify the character generator and the NES�s program code in real time. For some applications (especially player�s-eye view or �3-D� rendering) we would actually replace the entire character generator during horizontal retrace, so that we had pixel-by-pixel control of the screen -- something you couldn�t do with straight NES cartridges even of you had the processor power (which you didn�t). So the effect was that we greatly increased the effective amount of available ROM, we improved graphics control, and we had a complete Z-90 that could run as a graphics co-processor.�
As many of you know, this heavily rumored project was never finished. The cost to produce this cartridge would have been very expensive-more then consumers would want to pay for an unlicensed game. Also, the complaints from parents were sure to be high. The game was dropped and Phil Mikkelson left Color Dreams to join another unlicensed Nintendo company, American Video Entertainment.
1990 was also the year that Color Dreams would try their hand at making Sega Genesis and Atari Lynx games. The Sega titles (ports of Amiga games, including Andromeda Mission, Colorado, and Targhan) were all unlicensed, and unreleased. The Atari Lynx game, Crystal Mines II, was licensed by Atari. According to Dan Lawton, �The Lynx people made it very easy to license, they were extremely helpful, and their licensing and manufacturing weren�t quite as oppressive, plus they helped market the games for you.� This was the reason that Color Dreams paid to license Crystal Mines II. The game started development in 1990 thought it was ultimately released in 1991.
Color Dreams released two games under their Color Dreams label in 1991. The company was concentrating on the Bible games, so not many non-Bible games were released. Operation Secret Storm was Jon Valesh�s game. It had neared completion in 1990, though an actual release was postponed until 1991. Since the game featured Saddam Hussein as the final boss, some of the Color Dreams team worried about releasing the game during the Gulf War. This delay actually caused Jon�s other game (Happy Camper) to be unreleased altogether.
The other game published by Color Dreams in 1991 was Secret Scout. The game was originally titled the Lee Majors Game. This idea was quickly dropped since the proper license was not obtained. Secret Scout was originally a project done entirely by Roger Deforest. Later Nina Stanley redid the graphics. �As I recall, I reworked the entire game. It wasn�t my decision, btw :) The boss decided.�
Operation Secret Storm and Secret Scout were the last two games to be released under the Color Dreams name. In 1992 Roger Deforest designed an addictive game title Free Fall, though this would not be released in its original form.
Color Dreams made one last hurrah in 2000. Working with Color Dreams, Pelican Accessories released a Nintendo clone containing fifteen of Color Dreams� releases. The unit (Game Station Arcade) originally sold for $30, now you can pick one up cheap off the Internet.
We had wanted to conclude this article with an interesting bit of information from Jim Meuer. �The bigger dream for the company for many years was actually to create fully autonomous humanoid robots. We spent a lot of hours working on this over the years. If it hadn�t been for Nintendo allegedly limiting our sales, we probably would have finished this project, and everyone would have robotic servants in their homes manufactured by Gerkins Robotic Company.�
We would like to thank the following people for their constant help and support: Dan Lawton, Phil Mikkelson, Jim Meuer, Judye Pistole, Michael Denio, Dan Burke, Frank Waung, Leo Gilreath, Ken Beckett, Nina Stanley, Roger Deforest, Vance Kozik, Ron Risley, and Jon Valesh -- God bless you all!
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